Paul and Palestinian Judaism compares Judaism, understood on its own terms, with Paul, understood on his own terms. Sanders aims to consider methodologically how to compare two (or more) related but different religions, destroy the view of Rabinic Judaism which is still prevalent in much, perhaps most, New Testament scholarship, establish a different view of Rabbinic Judaism, argue a case concerning Palestinian Judaism as a whole, argue for a certain understanding of Paul, and carry out a comparison of Paul and Palestinian Judaism. This volume makes a contribution not only to the understanding of Paul and his relationship to Judaism, but also to the study of Judaism itself. This work is considered the foundation text of the 'new perspective.'